Evaluation of the Impacts of Climate Variations on Coastal Communities and Tourism: A Case Study of the Commonwealth District, Grand Cape Mount County, Liberia 2003 - 2023

This research evaluated impacts of climate variations on coastal communities and tourism specifically in the Commonwealth District of Grand Cape Mount County for the period 2003 through 2023. The objectives include, to determine prevalence and extent of extreme sea erosion, floods, rainfall and storms; investigate the impacts of climate variations on the livelihoods of residents in coastal communities and its implications on tourism development; and finally, assess the political and socio-economic impediments to the adoption of adaptive practices that mitigate the growing impacts of climate variations on coastal communities in Liberia. The researcher used a descriptive survey design to generate data through questionnaires and interviews using a sample size of 150 participants with age ranges of 18 years old and above. The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) was used to code and analyze data. Overall, results from the research revealed that factors, including deforestation, shifting cultivation, fishing, farming and sand-mining contribute more impacts to climate variability in the area with majority, 94% of respondents attributing major cause to these factors. However, some recommendations were proffered, as 66.9% of respondents confirmed that in order to employ the best adaptive measures and mitigate impacts, the creation of artificial reefs to dissipate wave energy and storm surges, conservation of existing ecosystems and reforestation of areas adjacent to coastlines, prohibition or control against the unsustainable removal of beach sediments including the natural vegetation (mangroves) and the use of meters (seawalls) against future potential flooding and erosions must be enforced to avoid future loss of lives and damages to properties in the district. These recommendations require the holistic supports of government, partners, stakeholders and residents of the area as well.