Determinant of Competitiveness in Micro and Small Enterprises of the Steel-Automotive Sector in Northeastern Mexico

This study presents an analysis of factors influencing the competitiveness of micro and small enterprises (SMEs) in the steel-automotive sector in northeastern Mexico, specifically in the states of Coahuila and Nuevo León. Using a quantitative approach, a measurement instrument was designed, validated, and applied based on existing literature. The instrument was electronically administered to a sample of 116 entrepreneurs and managers. The study measured 12 independent variables, including the degree of technological innovation, productivity, energy efficiency, business profitability, level of Industry 4.0 adoption, strategic alliances, supply chain, staff training level, globalization, innovation capacity, market, and quality. A multiple linear regression analysis was conducted. Each construct was evaluated, and a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.70 was obtained. Using the stepwise method in SPSS, six variables were selected for the final model. The adjusted R2 of the model is 0.983 and includes X1 = Degree of technological innovation, X2 = Productivity, X4 = Profitability, X5 = Level of Industry 4.0 adoption, and X11 = Market. It is concluded that the non-significant variables are not yet identified or developed in this sector within the region.