Transdermal Delivery of Herbal Extracts: A Review on Techniques, Polymers, and Permeation Enhancers

Due to their natural nature, safety, and therapeutic efficacy, herbal medications have become increasingly popular. However, their effectiveness is frequently limited by issues like inconsistent absorption, poor bioavailability, and instability in the gastrointestinal tract. Herbal bioactive can be released through the skin in a controlled and sustained manner with transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS), which offer a potential approach. The different formulation methods used in herbal TDDS, such as matrix-type patches, reservoir systems, Nano emulsions, and liposomes, are examined in this review. The choice and function of both natural and synthetic polymers are also covered, as is the use of permeation enhancers to increase skin absorption. Highlighted are recent developments in herbal transdermal applications, specifically in the areas of wound healing and antidiabetic treatment. Future prospects, such as nanotechnology, smart delivery systems, and personalized medicine, suggest a bright future for herbal TDDS in contemporary therapeutics, despite ongoing challenges with standardization, skin permeability, and regulatory acceptance.