Herbal and Enzymatic Therapeutics in Modern Drug Delivery: The Case of Bromelain

This review examines the incorporation of bromelain, a proteolytic enzyme complex derived from pineapple, into advanced drug delivery systems. Bromelain has demonstrated anti-inflammatory, analgesic, fibrinolytic, and wound- healing properties, but its therapeutic use is limited by its poor stability and low bioavailability. The pharmacological profile, mechanisms of action, and conventional dosage forms of bromelain are also discussed. Advanced delivery approaches using nanocarriers, such as nanoparticles, liposomes, and nanoemulsions, have been explored as strategies to enhance the stability, bioavailability, and targeted delivery of bromelain. Clinical applications in areas such as anti- inflammatory therapy, wound healing, and cancer treatment are reviewed, along with challenges in translating nano- formulations to commercial products. The integration of bromelain into novel drug delivery platforms and combination therapies represents a promising strategy for expanding its therapeutic potential. Further research is needed to optimize these formulations and to demonstrate the clinical efficacy of advanced bromelain delivery systems.