Sustainable EV Battery Recycling Infrastructure: A Review of Site Selection Frameworks and Decision Models

The rapid rise of electric vehicles (EVs) highlights the urgent need for sustainable infrastructure, especially for end-of-life battery recycling and charging station siting. This systematic literature review (SLR) analyzes 68 peer-reviewed studies published between 2015 and 2024, focusing on decision-making frameworks and sustainability criteria for EV battery recycling (EVBR) site selection. Following the PRISMA protocol, the review applied a structured process of identification, screening, and inclusion. Nearly 48.5% of the studies specifically address EVBR siting. Thematic analysis reveals widespread use of tools such as multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM), Geographic Information System (GIS), and hybrid AHP-TOPSIS models. However, comprehensive sustainability assessments and geo-spatial integration remain inconsistent, and few studies propose adaptive frameworks that align with changing urban policies and energy trends. This review maps the current methodological landscape, uncovers gaps such as limited circular economy practices and stakeholder involvement, and suggests future research directions to build resilient, eco-efficient EV battery recycling infrastructure.