AI-Powered Spatial Computing in CAD: A Review of Immersive Design Tools and Methods

The rapidly expanding integration of spatial computing and artificial intelligence (AI) is redefining the boundaries of computer-aided design (CAD) through immersive technologies such as augmented and virtual reality (AR/VR). This paper investigates how these technologies are transforming CAD workflows, with a focus on enhanced collaboration, simulation, and user-centered design. This study analyzes important technology enablers like AR/VR gear, AI-driven modeling tools, network infrastructure and emphasize how they contribute to better design efficiency and usability. The study also compares Western and Chinese AI platforms, such as ChatGPT, DeepSeek, Stable Diffusion, and Qwen2-Max to demonstrate the design processes and optimize user interfaces. A case study of a voice-activated smart home device illustrates how these technologies can be applied in real-world scenarios. The analysis includes current concerns such as network dependency and interoperability issues, as well as future developments such as edge computing, AI-driven predictive modeling, and enhanced mixed reality interfaces. This research provides essential guidance for designers, engineers, and academics aiming to leverage spatial computing for next-generation CAD systems.